Última actualización: 17 de enero de 2026
Vocabulario Médico: Las Enfermedades en Inglés
Guía completa de términos de salud, patologías comunes y ejemplos prácticos para mejorar tu fluidez en contextos médicos.
«Aunque este sea uno de los temas que más evito hablar, sobre todo con gente mayor, como con todo en esta vida, hay que tener cierta base. Hoy veremos las enfermedades más comunes que uno puede tener (o no, con suerte).»
¿Cómo expresar malestar?
- • I feel under the weather: Me siento algo mal.
- • I have been diagnosed with…: Me han diagnosticado…
- • I’m seeing a therapist: Estoy yendo al terapeuta.
Tipos de tratamiento
- • Medication: Medicación.
- • Inhaler: Inhalador.
- • Chemotherapy: Quimioterapia.
Resfriado común
Common cold
«I caught a cold last week and I’ve been feeling under the weather.»
Bronquitis
Bronchitis
«I was diagnosed with bronchitis, but it’s getting better now thanks to the antibiotics.»
Asma
Asthma
«My sister has asthma and she needs to carry her inhaler with her at all times.»
Enfermedad pulmonar
Lung disease
«My grandfather has lung disease and he has trouble breathing.»
Diabetes
Diabetes
«My grandmother has diabetes and she has to take insulin every day.»
Hipertensión
Hypertension
«My uncle has hypertension and he has to take medication to control his blood pressure.»
Enfermedad cardíaca
Heart disease
«Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.»
Enfermedad de la tiroides
Thyroid disease
«My sister was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, a thyroid disease.»
Cáncer
Cancer
«My friend was diagnosed with cancer and is currently undergoing chemotherapy.»
Enfermedad autoinmune
Autoimmune disease
«Lupus is an example of an autoimmune disease, it can affect many parts of the body.»
Gastritis
Gastritis
«Gastritis causes stomach pain and discomfort.»
E. Inflamatoria Intestinal
IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)
«Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are examples of IBD.»
Enfermedad renal (Riñón)
Kidney disease
«Kidney disease can lead to kidney failure if not treated properly.»
Enfermedad hepática / Hígado graso
Liver / Fatty liver disease
«Fatty liver disease can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption or obesity.»
Enfermedad de la vejiga
Bladder disease
«My uncle was diagnosed with interstitial cystitis, a chronic bladder disease.»
Depresión
Depression
«I have been struggling with depression for a while now and I’m seeing a therapist.»
Alzheimer / Parkinson
Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s
«It affects movement and communication with loved ones.»
Enfermedad Neurológica
Neurological disease
«Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease that affects the brain and spinal cord.»
ELA
ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
«John was diagnosed with ALS last year and has since lost the ability to walk and speak.»
Artritis / Huesos y Articulaciones
Arthritis / Bone and joint disease
«Rheumatoid arthritis affects the bones and joints.»
Enfermedad de la piel
Skin disease (Eczema)
«Eczema is a skin disease that causes itchy and irritated patches.»
Enfermedad de la vista / oído
Eye & Ear disease
«Recurrent infections or macular degeneration are common diseases.»
Osteoporosis (Huesos)
Bone disease (Osteoporosis)
«Osteoporosis causes the bones to become weak and brittle.»